Journal
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 1827-1832Publisher
SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4703
Keywords
andrographolide; multiple myeloma; Toll-like receptor 4; nuclear factor-kappa B
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Andrographolide is an active component from the extract of Andrographis paniculata [(Burm.f) Nees], a medicinal plant from the Acanthaceae family. Pharmacological studies have revealed that andrographolide possesses anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, immune regulatory and hepatoprotective properties, and is efficacious in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, while exhibiting low toxicity and low cost. The present study aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of andrographolide on the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its possible impact on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B signaling pathway. Cell proliferation was detected using an MTT assay, cellular apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and caspase-9/3 activation were assessed using colorimetric assay kits. Furthermore, TLR4 and NF-kappa B protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that andrographolide reduced the proliferation, while increasing cellular apoptosis and caspase-9/3 activation of MM cells, in addition to downregulating the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappa B protein. Of note, TLR4- or NF-kappa B-targeting small-interfering (si) RNA enhanced the andrographolide-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis of MM cells. The results of the present study therefore suggested that andrographolide inhibited multiple myeloma cells via the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
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