Journal
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 67, Issue 1, Pages 43-50Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.032
Keywords
Age-related macular degeneration; Complement system; Alternative pathway
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Funding
- Medical Research Council [K004441, MR/K024418/1, MR/K004441/1, G0900538] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust [088785] Funding Source: Medline
- Fight for Sight [1517/18] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/K024418/1, G0900538, MR/K004441/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/K004441/1, G0900538, MR/K024418/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment. It is characterised by damage to a tissue complex composed of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris. In early AMD extracellular debris including drusen accumulates in Bruch's membrane and then in late AMD geographic atrophy and/or neovascularisation develop. Variants in genes encoding components of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade have a major influence on AMD risk, especially at the RCA locus on chromosome 1, which contains CFH and the CFHR genes. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated complement components in unaffected and AMD macular tissue. Whilst other factors, including oxidative stress, play important roles in AMD pathogenesis, evidence for the central role played by complement dysregulation is discussed in this review. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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