Journal
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 68, Issue 2, Pages 497-506Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.027
Keywords
Treg; Effector and memory T cells; Proliferation; Differentiation; Catabolic metabolism; Anabolic metabolism; Aerobic glycolysis; Fatty acid oxidation; TCA cycle
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Funding
- Melanoma Research Alliance
- National Institutes of Health [RO1 AI099300, RO1AI089830]
- Kelly's Dream Foundation
- Janey Fund
- Seraph Foundation
- Johns Hopkins University Catalytic Award
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Upon encountering pathogens, T cells mount immune responses by proliferating, increasing cellular mass and differentiating. These cellular changes impose significant energetic challenges on T cells. It was believed that TCR and cytokine-mediated signaling are dominant dictators of T cell-mediated immune responses. Recently, it was recognized that T cells utilize metabolic transporters and metabolic sensors that allow them to rapidly respond to nutrient-limiting inflammatory environments. Metabolic sensors allow T cells to find a balance between energy consumption (anabolic metabolism) and production (catabolic metabolism) in order to mount effective immune responses. Also, metabolic regulators interact with cytokine-dependent transcriptional regulators, suggesting a more integrative and advanced model of T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the roles of metabolic regulators in effector and memory T cell development and their interaction with canonical transcription factors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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