Journal
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 13, Pages 3345-3359Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.13188
Keywords
adaptation; fish; genomics; phenotypic plasticity
Funding
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1147042] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1158241] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We examine the interaction between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation using muscle gene expression levels among populations of the fish Fundulus heteroclitus acclimated to three temperatures. Our analysis reveals shared patterns of phenotypic plasticity due to thermal acclimation as well as non-neutral patterns of variation among populations adapted to different thermal environments. For the majority of significant differences in gene expression levels, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation operate on different suites of genes. The subset of genes that demonstrate both adaptive differences and phenotypic plasticity, however, exhibit countergradient variation of expression. Thus, expression differences among populations counteract environmental effects, reducing the phenotypic differentiation between populations. Finally, gene-by-environment interactions among genes with non-neutral patterns of expression suggest that the penetrance of adaptive variation depends on the environmental conditions experienced by the individual. See also the Perspective by Healy and Schulte
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