Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
Volume 26, Issue 13, Pages 2456-2465Publisher
AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E14-12-1618
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Funding
- Stanford Bio-X
- National Science Foundation [EFRI-1136790]
- National Institutes of Health [EB-006745, GM-35527, 1DP2OD007078-01, T32 GM007276]
- European Research Council Advanced Grant [231157]
- Burroughs-Wellcome CASI
- National Science Foundation
- Stanford BioX
- Ilju Foundation
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Mechanical linkage between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions regulates cell shape changes during embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis. We examined how the force balance between cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions changes with cell spread area and aspect ratio in pairs of MDCK cells. We used ECM micropatterning to drive different cytoskeleton strain energy states and cell-generated traction forces and used a Forster resonance energy transfer tension biosensor to ask whether changes in forces across cell-cell junctions correlated with E-cadherin molecular tension. We found that continuous peripheral ECM adhesions resulted in increased cell-cell and cell-ECM forces with increasing spread area. In contrast, confining ECM adhesions to the distal ends of cell-cell pairs resulted in shorter junction lengths and constant cell-cell forces. Of interest, each cell within a cell pair generated higher strain energies than isolated single cells of the same spread area. Surprisingly, E-cadherin molecular tension remained constant regardless of changes in cell-cell forces and was evenly distributed along cell-cell junctions independent of cell spread area and total traction forces. Taken together, our results showed that cell pairs maintained constant E-cadherin molecular tension and regulated total forces relative to cell spread area and shape but independently of total focal adhesion area.
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