Plastic anisotropy in fcc single crystals in high rate deformation

3D dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations arc employed to study the plastic anisotropy of a single crystal of copper under a wide range of high strain rates, 10(4)-10(6) s(-1). The simulations include a model for cross slip as well as the full dynamical equation of motion, both of which having been shown to have a large impact on the way dislocations interact and move at high strain rates. Three typical loading orientations are examined, [100], [111], and [(2) over bar 11]. We find that higher strain rates lead to faster dislocation density generation and higher flow stresses for all three orientations. For every strain rate studied, tensile loading in the [111] direction leads to the highest stress followed by [(2) over bar 11] and [100]. These differences increase with increasing strain rate as the result of dislocation accumulation, slip activity, and microstructural evolution becoming more inhomogeneous. Inhomogeneous dislocation accumulation leads to directional microstructure, with subboundaries or slip bands developing on the more active slip planes. The calculations compare favorably with some anisotropy data on fcc single crystals and capture well the transition in rate sensitivity in copper as the applied strain rate increases from 10(2) to 10(6) s(-1). Based on our DD results, we present a new theoretical framework for development of high strain rate single crystal laws. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.