Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 679-696Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv260
Keywords
Prdm; transcription factors; evolution; development; metazoans
Funding
- CNRS
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France) (ANR grant Blanc METAMERE)
- Institut Universitaire de France
- Who am I? laboratory of excellence - French Government [ANR-11-LABX-0071]
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Prdm genes encode transcription factors with a subtype of SET domain known as the PRDF1-RIZ (PR) homology domain and a variable number of zinc finger motifs. These genes are involved in a wide variety of functions during animal development. As most Prdmgenes have been studied in vertebrates, especially inmice, little is known about the evolution of this gene family. We searched for Prdm genes in the fully sequenced genomes of 93 different species representative of all the main metazoan lineages. A total of 976 Prdm genes were identified in these species. The number of Prdm genes per species ranges from 2 to 19. To better understand how the Prdm gene family has evolved in metazoans, we performed phylogenetic analyses using this large set of identified Prdm genes. These analyses allowed us to define 14 different subfamilies of Prdm genes and to establish, through ancestral state reconstruction, that 11 of them are ancestral to bilaterian animals. Three additional subfamilies were acquired during early vertebrate evolution (Prdm5, Prdm11, and Prdm17). Several gene duplication and gene loss events were identified and mapped onto the metazoan phylogenetic tree. By studying a large number of nonmetazoan genomes, we confirmed that Prdm genes likely constitute a metazoan-specific gene family. Our data also suggest that Prdm genes originated before the diversification of animals through the association of a single ancestral SET domain encoding gene with one or several zinc finger encoding genes.
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