Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 456, Issue 2, Pages 400-407Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.070
Keywords
Solid lipid nanoparticles; Ferrous sulfate; Iron supplementation; Chitosan; Caco-2; Ferritin
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Funding
- Society for Endocrinology
- Dept of Human & Health Sciences, University of Westminster
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Iron (Fe) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN's) were formulated using stearic acid and iron absorption was evaluated in vitro using the cell line Caco-2 with intracellular ferritin formation as a marker of iron absorption. Iron loading was optimised at 1% Fe (w/w) lipid since an inverse relation was observed between initial iron concentration and SLN iron incorporation efficiency. Chitosan (Chi) was included to prepare chitosan coated SLN's. Particle size analysis revealed a sub-micron size range (300.3 +/- 31.75 nm to 495.1 +/- 80.42 nm), with chitosan containing particles having the largest dimensions. As expected, chitosan (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% w/v) conferred a net positive charge on the particle surface in a concentration dependent manner. For iron absorption experiments equal doses of Fe (20 mu M) from selected formulations (SLN-FeA and SLN-Fe-ChiB) were added to Caco-2 cells and intracellular ferritin protein concentrations determined. Caco-2 iron absorption from SLN-FeA (583.98 +/- 40.83 ng/mg cell protein) and chitosan containing SLN-Fe-ChiB (642.77 +/- 29.37 ng/mg cell protein) were 13.42% and 24.9% greater than that from ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) reference (514.66 +/- 20.43 ng/mg cell protein) (p <= 0.05). We demonstrate for the first time preparation, characterisation and superior iron absorption in vitro from SLN's, suggesting the potential of these formulations as a novel system for oral iron delivery. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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