Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 19, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082371
Keywords
ATP; adenosine; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); purinergic pathway; inter-species communication; commensal bacteria
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) for the Translational Research Network Program (at the University of Tokyo)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)
- Senri Life Science Foundation
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Sumitomo Foundation
- Naito Foundation
- Yakult Bio-Science Foundation
- Nippon Ham Foundation
- Kato Memorial Bio Science Foundation
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV)
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Extracellular nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released from host cells including nerve termini, immune cells, injured or dead cells, and the commensal bacteria that reside in the gut lumen. Extracellular ATP interacts with the host through purinergic receptors, and promotes intercellular and bacteria-host communication to maintain the tissue homeostasis. However, the release of massive concentrations of ATP into extracellular compartments initiates acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the activation of immunocompetent cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, and mast cells). In this review, we focus on the functions of ATP as a pathophysiologic mediator that is required for the induction and resolution of inflammation and inter-species communication.
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