Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 15, Issue 10, Pages 18677-18692Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018677
Keywords
adipocyte; glucose uptake; GLUT4; insulin; skeletal muscle; small GTPase
Funding
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26440103] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Insulin is a hormone that regulates the blood glucose level by stimulating various physiological responses in its target tissues. In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin promotes membrane trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from GLUT4 storage vesicles to the plasma membrane, thereby facilitating the uptake of glucose from the circulation. Detailed mechanisms underlying insulin-dependent intracellular signal transduction for glucose uptake remain largely unknown. In this article, I give an overview on the recently identified signaling network involving Rab, Ras, and Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that regulates glucose uptake in insulin-responsive tissues. In particular, the regulatory mechanisms for these small GTPases and the cross-talk between protein kinase and small GTPase cascades are highlighted.
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