Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 6772-6799Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066772
Keywords
general anesthetics; apoptosis; neurotoxicity; mechanisms; developing brain
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [81171020]
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Compelling evidence has shown that exposure to anesthetics used in the clinic can cause neurodegeneration in the mammalian developing brain, but the basis of this is not clear. Neurotoxicity induced by exposure to anesthestics in early life involves neuroapoptosis and impairment of neurodevelopmental processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and immature glial development. These effects may subsequently contribute to behavior abnormalities in later life. In this paper, we reviewed the possible mechanisms of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity based on new in vitro and in vivo findings. Also, we discussed ways to protect against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and their implications for exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection. These findings help in improving our understanding of developmental neurotoxicology and in avoiding adverse neurological outcomes in anesthesia practice.
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