Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 5074-5097Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms13045074
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; glutamate; amyloid-beta; neuron degeneration; oxidative stress; herbal medicine
Funding
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission [AS562A]
- Chulalongkorn University (Center for Excellence in Omics-Nano Medical Technology Development)
- Asahi Glass Foundation, Japan
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The Herb Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, which is native to Thailand and Southeast Asia, has become known for its antioxidant properties. Neuronal loss in a number of diseases including Alzheimer's disease is thought to result, in part, from oxidative stress. Glutamate causes cell death in the mouse hippocampal cell line, HT-22, by unbalancing redox homeostasis, brought about by a reduction in glutathione levels, and amyloid-beta has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here in, we show that ethanol extracts of R. nasutus leaf and root are capable of dose dependently attenuating the neuron cell death caused by both glutamate and amyloid-beta treatment. We used free radical scavenging assays to measure the extracts antioxidant activities and as well as quantifying phenolic, flavonoid and sterol content. Molecules found in R. nasutus, lupeol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are protective against glutamate toxicity.
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