Bezafibrate prevents palmitate-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway

Osteoporosis is a bone condition defined by low bone mass and increase of fracture risk due to imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Low bone mass is likely to be due to the alteration of the osteoclast and osteoblast lifespan through regulated apoptosis. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake is negatively associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Furthermore, SFA induces apoptosis in osteoblastic cell lines. Bezafibrate could increase bone mass in intact male rats principally through increasing periosteal bone formation. At present, it is unknown whether bezafibrate attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we found that palmitate stimulated the degradation of I kappa B alpha and NF-kappa B translocation, as well as up-regulation of NF-kappa B-mediated Fas expression in obsteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the NF-kappa B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) could restore palmitate-induced caspase-3 decrease and inhibit palmitate-induced cleaved caspase-3 increase. We observed that bezafibrate, a dual ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a (PPAR alpha) and PPAR delta, significantly attenuated the palmitate-induced cytotoxicity as determined by the MTT assay and inhibited the palmitate-induced apoptosis as determined by a flow cytometry assay using Annexin V-FITC/PI and assessment of the activity of caspase-3. Pre-treatment of bezafibrate prevented palmitate-induced NF-kappa B activation. Therefore, these findings indicate that bezafibrate inbibits palmitate-induced apoptosis via the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Our results point to bezafibrate as a new strategy to attenuate bone loss associated with high fat diet beyond its lipid-lowering actions.