Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 300, Issue 6, Pages 396-401Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.001
Keywords
Toll-like receptor; Microbial Toll/interleukin 1 receptor proteins; Innate immune system; Pathogens; Virulence
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB576]
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Quite a number of microbes possess genes which encode for proteins containing a Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain. This domain is key for the physical interaction of eukaryotic Toll-like receptors with their adaptor molecules like MyD88 enabling innate immune cells to recognize invading pathogens and to initiate appropriate defense responses. Recent findings imply that microbial Toll/interleukin 1 receptor proteins impair Toll-like receptor signaling. As a consequence, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines is dampened, and microbial replication is enhanced. This group of proteins can thus be classified as a new family of virulence factors able to modulate the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade. This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology of this fascinating group of molecules. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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