Grain refinement and growth induced by severe plastic deformation

Severe plastic deformation techniques have been widely used to produce bulk ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline materials. Severe plastic deformation of materials is a complex process that includes both grain refinement via the activities of dislocations and twinning, and grain growth. In this paper, we present a short review on the mechanisms of grain refinement and grain growth induced by severe plastic deformation.