Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Volume 216, Issue 6, Pages 772-783Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.02.006
Keywords
Endocrine disruptors; Human exposure; Bisphenol A; Triclosan; Benzophenone-3; Tolerable daily intake; Risk assessment
Funding
- Danish Health and Medicines Authority
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency
- Danish veterinary and food administration
- COPHES (Consortium to Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale)
- DEMOCOPHES (Demonstration of a study to Coordinate and Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale)
- DG Research in the 7th Framework Programme [244237]
- DG Environment under the Life+ Programme [LIFE09/ENV/BE/000410]
- Velux Fondene
- Augustinus Fonden
- Svend Andersen Fonden
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Some phthalates, parabens and phenols have shown adverse endocrine disrupting effects in animal studies and are also suspected to be involved in human reproductive problems. However, knowledge about exposure sources and biomonitoring data in different subsets of populations are still scarce. Thus, in this study first morning urine samples were collected from 6 to 11 years Danish children and their mothers. The content of seven parabens, nine phenols and metabolites of eight different phthalates were analysed by LC-MS/MS. Two parabens, six phenols and metabolites from six phthalate diesters were measurable in more than 50%, 75% and 90% of the participants, respectively. Thus the children and their mothers were generally exposed simultaneously to a range of phthalates, phenols and parabens. In general, the levels were low but for several of the compounds extreme creatinine adjusted concentrations 100-500-fold higher than the median level were seen in some participants. Children were significantly higher exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and some of the phthalates (DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP and DiNP) than their mothers, whereas mothers were higher exposed to compounds related to cosmetics and personal care products such as parabens (MeP, EtP and n-PrP), benzophenone-3, triclosan and diethyl phthalate. However, a very high correlation between mothers and their children was observed for all chemicals. A high individual exposure to one chemical was often associated with a high exposure to other of the chemicals and the possibility of combination effects of multiple simultaneous exposures cannot be excluded. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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