Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 1220-1231Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.06.004
Keywords
Carbon capture and storage; Biomass energy; Ethanol production; Sugar beet; Carbon and energy footprint; Economic evaluation
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Funding
- French Ministry of Research (DRRT)
- regional Council Region Centre
- European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- BRGM
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Biomass energy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) can lead to a net removal of atmospheric CO2. This paper investigates environmental and economic performances of CCS retrofit applied to two mid-sized refineries producing ethanol from sugar beets. Located in the Region Centre France, each refinery has two major CO2 sources: fermentation and cogeneration units. carbon and energy footprint (CEF) and discounted cash flow (DCF) analyses show that such a project could be a good opportunity for CCS early deployment. CCS retrofit on fermentation only with natural gas fired cogeneration improves CEF of ethanol production and consumption by 60% without increasing much the non renewable energy consumption. CCS retrofit on fermentation and natural gas fired cogeneration is even more appealing by decreasing of 115% CO2 emissions, while increasing non renewable energy consumption by 40%. DCF shows that significant project rates of return can be achieved for such small sources if both a stringent carbon policy and direct subsidies corresponding to 25% of necessary investment are assumed. We also underlined that transport and storage cost dilution can be realistically achieved by clustering emissions from various plants located in the same area. On a single plant basis, increasing ethanol production can also produce strong economies of scale. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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