Journal
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
Volume 70, Issue 1, Pages 154-167Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0558-3
Keywords
Acid mine drainage; Arsenic metabolism genes; Bacterial distribution; Bacterial diversity; Functional gene diversity; Niche conservatism
Categories
Funding
- Aquitaine Regional Government Council (France)
- ANR (RARE project) [07-BLAN-0108]
- Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (France)
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To gain an in-depth insight into the diversity and the distribution of genes under the particular evolutionary pressure of an arsenic-rich acid mine drainage (AMD), the genes involved in bacterial arsenic detoxification (arsB, ACR3) and arsenite oxidation (aioA) were investigated in sediment from CarnoulSs (France), in parallel to the diversity and global distribution of the metabolically active bacteria. The metabolically active bacteria were affiliated mainly to AMD specialists, i.e., organisms detected in or isolated from AMDs throughout the world. They included mainly Acidobacteria and the non-affiliated Candidatus Fodinabacter communificans, as well as Thiomonas and Acidithiobacillus spp., Actinobacteria, and unclassified Gammaproteobacteria. The distribution range of these organisms suggested that they show niche conservatism. Sixteen types of deduced protein sequences of arsenite transporters (5 ArsB and 11 Acr3p) were detected, whereas a single type of arsenite oxidase (AioA) was found. Our data suggested that at CarnoulSs, the aioA gene was more recent than those encoding arsenite transporters and subjected to a different molecular evolution. In contrast to the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes associated with AMD environments worldwide, the functional genes aioA, ACR3, and to a lesser extent arsB, were either novel or specific to CarnoulSs, raising the question as to whether these functional genes are specific to high concentrations of arsenic, AMD-specific, or site-specific.
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