Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 180, Issue -, Pages 19-23Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.007
Keywords
Chinese rice wine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; CAR1; Ethyl carbamate
Categories
Funding
- Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Programs) [2012CB720802, 2013CB733602]
- Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [31130043]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [JUSRP51302A, JUSRP1015]
- Open Project of Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan Univerity [KLIB-KF201308]
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project) [111-2-06]
- Priority Academid Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolizes arginine to ornithine and urea during wine fermentations. In the fermentation of Chinese rice wine, yeast strains of S. cerevisiae do not fully metabolize urea, which will be secreted into the spirits and spontaneously reacts with ethanol to form ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogenic agent for humans. To block the pathway of urea production, we genetically engineered two haploid strains to reduce the arginase (encoded by CAR1) activity, which were isolated from a diploid industrial Chinese rice wine strain. Finally the engineered haploids with opposite mating type were mated back to diploid strains, obtaining a heterozygous deletion strain (CAR1/car1) and a homozygous defect strain (car1/car1). These strains were compared to the parental industrial yeast strain in Chinese rice wine fermentations and spirit production. The strain with the homozygous CAR1 deletion showed significant reductions of urea and EC in the final spirits in comparison to the parental strain, with the concentration reductions by 86.9% and 50.5% respectively. In addition, EC accumulation was in a much lower tempo during rice wine storage. Moreover, the growth behavior and fermentation characteristics of the engineered diploid strain were similar to the parental strain. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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