Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 91, Issue 10, Pages 978-988Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/03067310903524822
Keywords
honeybees; neonicotinoid; pesticides; residues; LC-ESI-MS/MS
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The validation of a multi-residue method for the determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in honeybees is described. The method involves the extraction of pesticides using acetonitrile and liquid partitioning with n-hexane. One cleanup is then performed on a florisil cartridge (1 g, 6 mL) and the extract is analysed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The recovery data were obtained by spiking honeybees samples free of pesticides at two concentration levels of the various neonicotinoids. The recoveries were in the range between 93.3 and 104.0% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 20%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng g(-1) (corresponding to 0.05 ng bee(-1)) for all pesticides except for acetamiprid which was 1 ng g(-1) (corresponding to 0.1 ng bee(-1)).
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