Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
Volume 102, Issue 8, Pages 2255-2274Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00531-013-0914-4
Keywords
Neotectonics; Soft-sediment deformation; Liquefaction; Fluidization; Brittle failure; Late Pleniglacial; Late Glacial; Osning Thrust; Northern Germany
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New data on seismically triggered soft-sediment deformation structures in Pleniglacial to Late Glacial alluvial fan and aeolian sand-sheet deposits of the upper Senne area link this soft-sediment deformation directly to earthquakes generated along the Osning Thrust, which is one of the major fault systems in Central Europe. Soft-sediment deformation structures include a complex fault and fold pattern, clastic dikes, sand volcanoes, sills, irregular intrusive sedimentary bodies, flame structures, and ball-and-pillow structures. The style of soft-sediment deformation will be discussed with respect to brittle failure, liquefaction and fluidization processes, and was controlled by (1) the magnitude of the earthquake and (2) the permeability, tensile strength and flexural resistance of the alluvial and aeolian sediments. It is the first time in northern Germany that fluidization and liquefaction features can be directly related to a fault. The occurrence of seismicity in the Late Pleistocene and in the seventeenth century indicates ongoing crustal movements along the Osning Thrust and sheds new light on the seismic activity of northern Germany. The Late Pleistocene earthquake probably occurred between 15.9 +/- A 1.6 and 13.1 +/- A 1.5 ka; the association of soft-sediment deformation structures implies that it had a magnitude of at least 5.5.
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