Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 29, Issue 8, Pages 811-818Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.09.004
Keywords
Astrocyte; Copper homeostasis; Protein chaperone; Glucose-regulated protein 78; Parkinson's disease; Alzheimer's disease
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Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in the brain that can be toxic at elevated levels. Cu accumulation is a suspected etiology in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion-induced disorders. Astrocytes are a proposed depot in the brain for Cu and other metals, including lead (Pb). This article describes the physiological roles of Cu in the central nervous system and in selected neurodegenerative diseases, and reviews evidence that astrocytes accumulate Cu and protect neurons from Cu toxicity. Findings from murine genetic models of Menkes disease and from cell culture models concerning the molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes take up, store, and buffer Cu intracellularly are discussed, as well as potential mechanistic linkages between astrocyte functions in Cu handling and neurodegenerative diseases. (C) 2011 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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