Effect of bird geometry and orientation on bird-target impact analysis using SPH method

In this study, a real mallard anatomy is numerically created from CT images and then analysed by SPH method. The result produced by the real bird is compared to that of the traditional bird models. The effects of considering the cavities, air and different orientations at which a mallard strikes a target are also investigated. In order to study the effect of orientation of bird on bird-strike events, four impact scenarios were considered and simulated: the impact from bottom, head, tail and wing sides. It was found that the impact from the bottom side is the most damaging scenario, while the impact from the wing side is the safest impact scenario. Distribution of peak and stagnation pressures, impulse transferred to the target and pressure profile for each impact scenario have also been discussed and analysed.