Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 12, Pages 4476-4495Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/joc.5681
Keywords
different heights; long-term change; pressure gradient force; wind speed
Categories
Funding
- Chinese Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
- Chinese Natural Science Foundation [41675149, 41775087]
- Chinese Yunnan Province Education Department Project [2017YJS106]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0600403]
- Program for Key Laboratory in University of Yunnan Province
- Young Scholar of Distinction for Doctoral Candidate of Chinese Yunnan Province in 2016
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Long-term decreasing trends of near-surface wind speed (SWS) have been well demonstrated in China, and at the same time the factors causing the slowdown in SWS have also been explored. However, changes in wind speed and pressure gradient force (PGF) at higher elevations have received little attention. In this paper, the spatio-temporal changes of wind speed and PGF at different heights were explored in eastern China during the period 1980-2011, and the potential causes inducing the changes of wind speed were analysed. The results included that the reduction in wind speed emerged from the near surface to 300 hPa, while the PGF also exhibited a synchronous reduction. The influence of PGF on the decrease of wind speed was relative smaller at near surface than that at higher levels (850-300 hPa). At the near surface, 71.8% of changes in annual mean SWS could be attributed to the changes of PGF, in which the seasonal difference of the influence of PGF on wind speed was less than 7.0%. At the higher levels, most of the changes in wind speed (>90%) was induced by PGF, in which the seasonal difference of the influence of PGF was less than 1.0%. Furthermore, the changes of PGF in eastern China could be mainly influenced by both the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The NAM could affect the inter-annual and inter-decadal changes of PGF, and the effects of NAM played more significant role on the inter-annual scale than that on the inter-decadal scale. At the same time, the correlation between NAM and PGF increased with height. Otherwise, the PDO mainly affected the inter-decadal changes of PGF, and their correlation decreased with height.
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