Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 323-329Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.010
Keywords
Actin; Tubulin; FtsZ; MreB; WACA; Cytomotive filaments; ParM; Septins
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Funding
- MRC [MC_U105184326, MC_U105184313] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105184313, MC_U105184326] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105184326, MC_U105184313] Funding Source: Medline
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The basic features of the active filaments that use nucleotide hydrolysis to organise the cytoplasm are remarkably similar in the majority of all cells and are either actin-like or tubulin-like. Nearly all prokaryotic cells contain at least one form of FtsZ, the prokaryotic homologue of tubulin and some bacterial plasmids use tubulin-like TubZ for segregation. The other main family of active filaments, assembled from actin-like proteins, occurs in a wide range of bacterial species as well as in all eukaryotes. Some bacterial plasmids also use ParM, another actin-like protein. Higher-order filament structures vary from simple to complex depending on the cellular application. Equally, filament-associated proteins vary greatly between species and it is not possible currently to trace their evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. This lack of similarity except in the three-dimensional structures and longitudinal interactions between the filament subunits hints that the most basic cellular function of the filaments is to act as linear motors driven by assembly dynamics and/or bending and hence we term these filament systems 'cytomotive'. The principle of cytomotive filaments seems to have been invented independently for actin- and tubulin-like proteins. Prokaryotes appear to have a third class of cytomotive filaments, typically associated with Surfaces such as membranes or DNA: Walker A cytoskeletal ATPases (WACA). A possible evolutionary relationship of WACAs with eukaryotic septins is discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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