Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 198-208Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.10.025
Keywords
multidrug resistance; Gram-negative bacteria; efflux pumps; efflux pump inhibitors; non-antibiotics; helper compounds
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Multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is now known to be primarily caused by overexpression of efflux pumps that extrude unrelated antibiotics from the periplasm or cytoplasm of the bacterium prior to their reaching their intended target. This review focuses on a variety of agents that have been shown to be efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and which, if used as 'helper compounds' in combination with antibiotics to which the organism is initially resistant, may produce the required cure. Although not all of the EPIs may serve a helper role owing to their toxicity, they may nevertheless serve as lead compounds. (C) 2007 Elsevier B. V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
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