Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH
Volume 84, Issue 5-6, Pages 286-294Publisher
VERLAG HANS HUBER
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000215
Keywords
folic acid; folate; neural tube defects; congenital anomalies; Brazil
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U01HD040561]
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research
- NIH/NIDCR grant [U01 DE017958]
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Background: Several countries have implemented mandatory folic acid fortification of wheat flour and selected grain products to increase the folate intake of reproductive-aged women. Brazil implemented a folic acid fortification program in 2004. No previous studies have examined folate differences among Brazilian women following the mandate. Objective: We evaluate differences in serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations between two samples of women of childbearing age from selective communities in Brazil, one tested before (N = 116) and the other after the mandate (N=240). Methods: We compared the baseline folate levels of women enrolled in a prevention study shortly before the fortification mandate was implemented, to baseline levels of women from the same communities enrolled in the same study shortly after fortification began. The participants were women enrolled in a folate supplementation clinical trial, at a hospital specializing in treating craniofacial anomalies in the city of Bauru from January 29, 2004 to April 27, 2005. We only compared baseline folate levels before the women received oral cleft prevention program (OCPP) folic acid supplements. Results: Women enrolled after the fortification mandate had higher means of serum folate (20.3 versus 11.2 nmol/L; p<0.001) and RBC folate (368.3 versus 177.6 nmol/L; p<0.001) than women enrolled before the mandate. Differences in folate levels between the two groups remained after adjusting for several co-variables. Conclusions: The results suggest that serum and RBC folate levels among women of childbearing age increased after implementing the folic acid fortification mandate in Brazil.
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