Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 8, Pages 915-924Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.011
Keywords
Genetic mapping; Virulence; Phylogeny; Population genetics
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- United States Department of Agriculture
- American Foundation for AIDS Research
- American Heart Association
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
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The development of forward genetics as a functional system in Toxoplasma gondii spanned more than three decades from the mid-1970s until now. The initial demonstration of experimental genetics relied on chemically induced drug-resistant mutants that were crossed by co-infecting cats, collecting oocysts, sporulating and hatching progeny in vitro. To capitalise on this, genetic markers were employed to develop linkage maps by tracking inheritance through experimental crosses. In all, three generations of genetic maps were developed to define the chromosomes, estimate recombination rates and provide a system for linkage analysis. Ultimately this genetic map would become the foundation for the assembly of the T gondii genome, which was derived from whole genome shotgun sequencing, into a chromosome-centric view. Finally, application of forward genetics to multigenic biological traits showed the potential to map and identify specific genes that control complex phenotypes including virulence. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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