Journal
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 283-287Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.009
Keywords
Endogenous ligand; Homeostasis; Macrophage; Nuclear receptors
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Funding
- Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science Technology [SR/FT/LS-154/2009]
- Department of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi [BT/PR13396/BRB/10/756/2009]
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Nitrated fatty acids (NFAs), thought to be produced by nonenzymatic reactions of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) with naturally present unsaturated fatty acids, have recently been identified as one of the largest single pools of biologically active NO derivatives in human plasma. As the biological role of NFAs is unknown, initial in vitro studies have shown them to be potent suppressors of inflammatory responses. The aim of the study was to collect all the literature on NFAs and its interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) and review in detail the anti-inflammatory properties of PPAR-gamma interceded by NFAs. A literature survey was performed using PubMed and ScienceDirect to gather complete information on NFAs and their interactions with PPAR-gamma. An exhaustive literature survey revealed that NFAs found in human plasma and urine comprises a class of cell signaling mediators that can activate PPAR-gamma within its physiological concentration. NFAs exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects through PPAR-gamma activation in various in vitro models tested. Besides its role in inflammation other properties of NFAs such as inhibition of enzymes, inducer of gene expression, etc., were discussed. NFAs are good electrophiles with pleiotropic biological activities. Hence NFAs can be treated as potent drug candidates. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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