Journal
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 9, Pages 1169-1180Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn074
Keywords
dendritic cells; respiratory syncytial virus; TICAM-1 (TRIF); Toll-like receptor; type IIFNs
Categories
Funding
- CREST and Innovation
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Program of Founding Research Centers for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
- MEXT
- Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture (Specified Project for Advanced Research)
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan
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Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) recognize viral RNA extrinsically by Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 on the membrane and intrinsically retinoic acid-inducible on the membrane and intrinsically retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the cytoplasm to induce type I IFNs and mDC maturation. When mDCs were treated with live or UV-irradiated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), early (similar to 4h) induction of IFN-beta usually occurs in other virus infections was barely observed. Live RSV subsequently replicated to activate the cytoplasmic IFN-inducing pathway leading to robust type I IFN induction. We found that RSV initial attachment to cells blocked polyI:C-mediated IFN-beta induction, and this early IFN-beta-modulating event was abrogated by antibodies against envelope proteins of RSV, demonstrating the presence of a IFN-regulatory mode by early RSV attachment to host cells. By IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) receptor analysis in HEK293 cells, polyI:C- LPS-mediated ISRE activation was dose dependently inhibited by live and inactive RSV to a similar extent. Of the RSV envelope proteins, simultaneously expressed or exogenously added RSV G or soluble G (sG) proteins inhibited TLR/4-mediated ISRE activation in HEK293 cells. sG proteins expressed in cells did not affect the RIG-1/MDA5 pathway but inhibited the TLR adaptor TRIF/TICAM-1 pathway for ISRE activation. Finally, extrinsically added sG protein suppressed the production of IFN-beta in mDCs. Although the molecular mechanism of this extrinsic functional mode of the RSV G glycoprotein (G protein) remains undetermined, G proteins may neutralize the fusion glycoprotein function that promotes IFN-mediated mDC modulation via TCR4 and may cause insufficient raising cell-mediated immunity against RSV.
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