Polyethylene Glycol Interferon alpha-2b-induced Immune-mediated Polyradiculoneuropathy

Polyethylene glycol-interferon alpha (PEG-IFN alpha) has been used as the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There have been no previous reports of polyradiculoneuropathy with anti-ganglioside antibodies induced by PEG-IFN alpha-2b. We report a 59-year-old man who developed polyradiculoneuropathy during treatment with PEG-IFN alpha-2b for chronic HCV infection. Serum levels of anti-asialo-GM1 (GA1) and anti-GM1 antibodies were elevated. Cessation of therapy with double filtration plasmapheresis resulted in marked improvement in his symptoms accompanied by a reduction in the antibody level. PEG-IFN alpha-2b may induce peripheral neuropathy mediated by anti-GA1 and anti-GM1 antibodies.