Haemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects of tezosentan in chronic experimental pulmonary hypertension

Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) therapy is poorly investigated in intensive care. Our aim was to evaluate haemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects of the dual endothelin-1 (ET-1) blocker tezosentan in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, = 194) randomly received 60 mg kg(-1) MCT or vehicle, subcutaneously, and 2 days later, a subgroup of MCT-injected rats was gavaged with 300 mg kg(-1) day(-1) bosentan (MCT BOS, = 46), while another (MCT, = 125) and control rats (Ctrl, = 23) received vehicle. At 25-30 days, 48 h after interrupting bosentan, rats randomly underwent either a dose-response evaluation (0.5-20 mg kg(-1), = 7 each group) or a 4 h perfusion of tezosentan (20 mg kg(-1) in 10 min + 10 mg g(-1) h(-1)) or vehicle ( = 8 per group, each). Haemodynamics, including blood gas analysis, were evaluated after thoracotomy under anaesthesia. After plasma, right ventricle (RV) and lung collection, plasma ET-1, cytokines, nitrate and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and lung and right ventricular gene expression and cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were quantified. Monocrotaline resulted in PH, RV dilation and decreased cardiac output (CO) that were attenuated in MCT BOS. Pulmonary hypertension was attenuated by tezosentan without systemic hypotension. Tezosentan increased CO without changing ventilation-perfusion matching. Both bosentan and tezosentan reduced ET-1 and cytokine plasma levels and tissue expression, and inducible NOS and COX-2 RV activities. Bosentan increased nitrate plasma levels and non inducible NOS activities whereas tezosentan decreased circulating 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but increased lung COX-1 activity. Tezosentan may be useful for haemodynamic handling and bosentan replacement in critically ill PH patients exerting important beneficial neuroendocrine and anti-inflammatory actions.