Journal
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
Volume 45, Issue 3, Pages 522-527Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.09.030
Keywords
PMN; Trauma; Active Fc gamma RII; Chest; Neutrophils; Priming
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Introduction: Trauma is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Thoracic injuries are associated with inflammatory complications such as ARDS. The pathogenesis of this complication after pulmonary injury is incompletely understood, but neutrophils are thought to play a pivotal role. The aim of this project was to gain more insight in the role of thoracic injuries in the pathophysiological processes that link systemic neutrophil activation with inflammatory complications after trauma. Methods: In this prospective cohort study fifty-five patients with isolated penetrating thoracic injury were included at a level one Trauma Unit. Blood samples were analysed for neutrophil phenotype with the use of flowcytometry within 3 h of trauma and repeated six and 24 h after injury. The presence of inflammatory complications (e.g. ARDS or sepsis/septic shock) was assessed during admission, and this was related to the neutrophil phenotpe. Results: The clinical follow-up of fifty-three patients was uneventful. Only two patients developed an inflammatory complication. Within 3 h after trauma, neutrophils showed a decreased expression of Fc gamma RII (p = 0.007) and Fc gamma RIII (p = 0.001) compared to healthy individuals. After 6 h, expression of active Fc gamma RII (p = 0.017), C5aR (p = 0.004) and CAECAM8 (p = 0.043) increased, whereas L-selectin (p = 0.002) decreased. After 24 h also CXCR-2 (CD182) expression increased compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Penetrating thoracic trauma leads to a distinct primed activation status of circulating neutrophils within hours. In addition to activation of cells, both young and reverse migrated neutrophils are released into the circulation. This degree of systemic inflammation does not exceed a threshold of inflammation that is needed for the development of inflammatory complications like ARDS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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