Journal
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 349-362Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.572932
Keywords
Air pollution; coal; particulate matter; sulfate; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; nitrogen oxides; lung; respiratory; bronchoalveolar lavage; alveolar macrophages; micronucleus; clotting factors; bacterial clearance; respiratory allergy; systemic immunity
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Funding
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office of Research and Development)
- U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Freedom Car and Vehicle Technologies and National Energy Technology Laboratory)
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Objective: This was the fourth study by the National Environmental Respiratory Center to create a database for responses of animal models to combustion-derived pollutant mixtures, to identify causal pollutants--regardless of source. Methods: F344 and SHR rats and A/J, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice were exposed 6 h/day 7 days/week for 1 week to 6 months to three concentrations of a mixture simulating key components of downwind coal combustion emissions, to the highest concentration filtered to remove particulate matter (PM), or to clean air. Emissions from low-sulfur subbituminous coal were modified to create a mixture recommended by an expert workshop. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and PM were the dominant components. Nonanimal-derived PM mass concentrations of nominally 0, 100, 300, and 1000 mu A mu g/m
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