Journal
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 14, Pages 1184-1193Publisher
INFORMA HEALTHCARE
DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2010.535220
Keywords
Sulfur dioxide; controlled human exposures; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; concentration-response; bronchoconstriction; asthma
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [5P30ES007048]
- Children's Environmental Health Center [s 5P01ES009581, R826708-01, RD831861-01]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency
- American Petroleum Institute
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Some of the most compelling evidence of sulfur dioxide (SO2)-induced respiratory morbidity is derived from a large body of studies involving controlled short-term exposures among groups of asthmatic volunteers. These studies were extensively cited in the recently completed review of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for SO2. Although it is clear from these investigations that exposure to SO2 may result in a significant increase in bronchoconstriction, there is uncertainty regarding the range of concentrations over which this respiratory response occurs. The objective of this study was to better characterize the concentration-response relationship between SO2 and measures of bronchoconstriction using individual subject lung function response data. In reviewing studies of asthmatics exposed to SO2 during 5- to 10-min periods of elevated ventilation, we observed clear and consistent evidence of an increase in the bronchoconstrictive response to SO2 with increasing exposure concentrations between 0.2 and 1.0 ppm. In a subsequent analysis of individual subject data, it was found that those asthmatics experiencing SO2-induced respiratory effects at relatively high exposure concentrations are also more likely than nonresponders to experience similar effects after exposure to lower SO2 concentrations (<= 0.4 ppm). Although the clinical significance of these effects is unsettled, the findings provide additional support to epidemiologic evidence of an association between ambient SO2 concentration and various measures of respiratory morbidity in the general population.
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