The investigation of synovial genomic targets of bucillamine with microarray technique

To identify the molecular mechanisms of bucillamine activity, global gene expression analysis and pathway analysis were conducted using IL-1 beta-stimulated human fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS). Normal human FLS were treated with IL-1 beta in the presence or absence of 10 and 100 mu M bucillamine for 6 h. Total RNA was extracted and global gene expression levels were detected using a 44 k human whole genome array. Data were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis. Numerous pathways were activated by IL-1 beta stimulation. At both concentrations, bucillamine suppressed nine signal pathways stimulated by IL-1 beta. Bucillamine effectively inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and tight junction signaling activated by IL-1 beta in FLS. Suppression of these signal pathways may correlate with the pharmacologic mechanisms of bucillamine. In particular, the suppression of FGF signaling by bucillamine is remarkable because the activation of FGF signaling may be involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathology.