Journal
INFLAMMATION
Volume 38, Issue 3, Pages 1080-1084Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0073-1
Keywords
protocatechuic acid; human gingival fibroblasts; cytokine; NF-kappa B; PPAR-gamma
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Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanins, has been shown to have antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The effects of PCA on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and chemokines IL-8 in HGFs were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-kappa B and PPAR-gamma was detected by Western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that PCA suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated HGFs. We also found that PCA inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of PCA on LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production can be reversed by PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PCA is associated with activating PPAR-gamma, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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