Journal
INFLAMMATION
Volume 36, Issue 2, Pages 259-271Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9542-6
Keywords
Ecklonia stolonifera; phlorofucofuroeckol A; cytokine; microglia; nuclear factor-kappa B;; inflammation
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Funding
- Fishery Commercialization Technology Development of Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries [iPET109200-3]
- Brain Busan 21 Program, Republic of Korea
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Microglial activation has been implicated in many neurological disorders for its inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Pre-treatment of phlorofucofuroeckol A attenuated the productions of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated microglia. Profoundly, phlorofucofuroeckol A treatment showed inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) by preventing the degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and the nuclear translocation of p65 NF-kappa B subunit. Moreover, phlorofucofuroeckol A inhibited the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt, but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These results indicate that phlorofucofuroeckol A inhibits the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators through inactivation of NF-kappa B, JNKs, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways. These findings suggest that phlorofucofuroeckol A can be considered as a nutraceutical candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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