Journal
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 838-844Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.002
Keywords
Bark; Maceration; Microwave-assisted extraction; Phenolic compounds; Pinus radiata; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
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Funding
- Direccion de Investigacion Universidad de Concepcion [208.096062-1.0]
- Research Board of the University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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The performance of four techniques, conventional maceration. Soxhlet extraction, microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), for extraction of Pinus radiata bark, in one and several stages, were evaluated. For each technique, the mass extracted (g extract/g bark), total phenols (by Folin-Cicalteau), and tannin (by precipitation) concentration and anti-radical capacity (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, DPPH) were quantified. In one stage, the extracted mass increased in the following order: maceration < UAE < MAE < Soxhlet (p < 0.05). The total phenols and tannin levels were also higher with the Soxhlet technique. With additional extraction stages, only the samples produced with MAE and UAE techniques improved their parameters. Additionally. MAE extracts presented a higher anti-radical capacity than does Soxhlet and Pycnogenol (R) extracts. Therefore. MAE was a simple and rapid method that was useful for extraction of P. radiata bark. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) provided evidence of the mechanical effects on cell walls, mainly evidenced by cell destruction produced by Soxhlet, MAE, and UAE on the bark. In contrast, maceration only results in slightly ruptured cell pores, which could explain its low extraction yield. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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