4.6 Article

Selective Transformation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into the Liquid Fuel 2,5-Dimethylfuran over Carbon-Supported Ruthenium

Journal

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Volume 53, Issue 8, Pages 3056-3064

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ie404441a

Keywords

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Funding

  1. National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB732201]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [21106121]
  3. Provincial R&D Program from Economic and Trade Committee of Fujian Province of China [1270-K42004]
  4. Key Programs for Cooperation Between Universities and Enterprises in Fujian Province [2013N5011]
  5. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2010121077]

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A simple and efficient process was presented for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into the high-quality liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Among the employed metal catalysts, the relatively inexpensive carbon-supported ruthenium (Ru/C) displayed the highest catalytic performance, which led to 94.7% DMF yield with 100% HMF conversion at a relatively mild reaction temperature of 200 degrees C for only 2 h. Although Ru/C had a little loss in the catalytic activity when it was used for five successive reaction runs, the partially deactivated Ru/C could be easily regenerated by heating at a mixed flow of H-2 and N-2. Moreover, the plausible mechanism involving an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group, and a furan ring for the selective hydrogenation of HMF into DMF was also proposed. Subsequently, DMF was separated from the crude hydrogenation mixture according to their various boiling points by the combination of atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation, and then, the chemical structures and physical properties of the separated DMF were confirmed to be consistent with the authentic DMF. More gratifyingly, Ru/C and THF were also found to be a good combination for the direct hydrogenation of carbohydrate-derived HMF into DMF, which is very important for the practical production of DMF from a variety of biomass-derived carbohydrates such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, starch, and cellulose.

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