Journal
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Volume 51, Issue 12, Pages 4533-4544Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ie202525f
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Funding
- CICYT of Spain
- European Commission [CTQ2009/13459/C05/05]
- Spanish Ministry of Education
- Universidad de Extremadura
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Black light photocatalytic ozonation of two pharmaceutical compounds, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and diclofenac (DCF), and the resulting total organic carbon (TOC) are studied. DCF and SMX removals from some mg.L-1 to 100 mu g.L-1 are achieved in approximately 7 and 15 min ozonation, respectively, regardless of the ozone process, while the resulting TOC is eliminated via hydroxyl radical reactions. For initial concentrations lower than 50 mu g.L-1, competition between direct ozonation and hydroxyl radical oxidation to eliminate SMX and DCF takes place. The initial reaction period for cases of high and low concentration is simulated through fast-moderate and slow gas-liquid second order reaction kinetics, respectively. For high starting concentrations the calculated results suggest the presence of ozone fast reacting intermediates. For low starting concentration, calculated results indicate the importance of hydroxyl radical oxidation and the synergic effect of ozone and photocatalytic oxidation. Kinetic data of TOC ozonation, photocatalytic oxidation, and photocatalytic ozonation are also presented.
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