Estimation of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, and Vaporization Enthalpies of Electrolyte Solutions

A novel approach is presented in this work for predicting the values of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation for electrolyte solutions at different concentrations on the basis of the Pitzer theories. This method treats the enthalpy change of the solution between the normal freezing point or boiling point and the real ones to be linear temperature dependence. Compared with the literature values, this method performs very well; also, the temperature-dependent parameters of some salts are incorporated to investigate temperature effects of this method. Furthermore, a method based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is derived for estimation of the enthalpy of vaporization of very high concentration solutions at different temperatures, and the predicted results are highly positive.