Journal
INDIAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS
Volume 43, Issue 2, Pages 117-120Publisher
WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.50844
Keywords
Electrical stimulation; electrical stimulation therapy; fracture healing; low-intensity pulsed ultrasound; pulsed electromagnetic fields
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Approximately 10 of the 7.9 million annual fracture patients in the United States experience nonunion and/or delayed unions, which have a substantial economic and quality of life impact. A variety of devices are being marketed under the name of bone growth stimulators. This article provides an overview of electrical and electromagnetic stimulation, ultrasound, and extracorporeal shock waves. More research is needed for knowledge of appropriate device configurations, advancement in the field, and encouragement in the initiation of new trials, particularly large multicenter trials and randomized control trials that have standardized device and protocol methods.
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