Resonance Frequency Analysis, Insertion Torque, and Bone to Implant Contact of 4 Implant Surfaces: Comparison and Correlation Study in Sheep

Introduction: Primary stability is evaluated using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and insertion torque (IT). Although there is a strong correlation between RFA and IT, studies failed to find a correlation between RFA and bone to implant contact (BIC) or IT and BIC. Objective: To compare RFA, IT, and BIC of SLA, SLActive, Euroteknika, and TiUnite implant surfaces and evaluate the correlation between them. Materials and Methods: Thirtytwo implants were placed in 8 sheep. RFA and IT were recorded. Animals were killed at 1 and 2 months. Results: A significant difference was found in RFA between the 4 surfaces. No significant difference was found for IT. Mean BIC was different between all 4 surfaces. A significant positive correlation was found between RFA and IT with SLA. No significant correlation was found between RFA and BIC and between IT and BIC at 1 and 2 months. Conclusions: Implants with 4 different surfaces have similar IT values but different RFA and BIC. Additionally irrespective of the implant surface, there is no correlation between IT and BIC and between RFA and BIC.