Journal
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY
Volume 34, Issue 2, Pages 205-209Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.592534
Keywords
Aedes aegypti; Apium graveolens; antioxidant activity; 1-dodecanol; essential oils; immunotoxicity effects
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Funding
- Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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The leaves of Apium graveolens were extracted and the essential oil composition, immunotoxicity effects, and antioxidant activity were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), which revealed the essential oils of A. graveolens leaves. Twenty-eight components, representing 73.72% of the total oil were identified from the leaves. The major components are 4-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1-imidazolyl)-valerophenone (19.90%), 1-dodecanol (16.55%), 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.93%), ethyl 4,4-D2-N-hexyl ether (4.11%), 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenyl-1-heptadecyn-3-ol (3.28%), 1,4-methano-1H-indene, octahydro-4-methyl-8-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)-, [1S-(1 alpha,3 alpha alpha,4 alpha,7 alpha,7 alpha alpha)]- (2.99%), 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-(3 ''-t-butyl) benzodioxepine (2.56%), Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (2.53%), 9H-pyrrolo[3',4':3,4] pyrrolo[2,1-alpha]phthalazine-9, 11(10H)-dione, 10-ethyl-8-phenyl (2.07%). The leaf oil had significant toxic effects against the larvae of A. aegypti with an LC50 value of 59.32 ppm and an LC90 value of 127.69 ppm. The essential oil from the A. graveolens leaves was investigated for scavenging of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity and the results demonstrate that the essential oil from the A. graveolens has potential as a natural antioxidant and thus inhibit unwanted oxidation process. The above data indicate that the major compounds may play an important role in the toxicity of essential oils and also as natural antioxidant.
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