Journal
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 136, Issue 2, Pages 187-193Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.01.009
Keywords
IDO; L-kynurenine; Natural killer cells; Tumor immunity; NKG2D
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Science and Engineering, Korea [R13-2007-023-00000-0]
- Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2008-331-E00094]
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Natural Killer cells are known to play a major role in the innate immune response against viral infections and tumor cells. Several viruses, such as CMV. EBV and HIV-1, have acquired strategies to escape elimination by NK cells. In this study, we observed that EBV infection increased expression of 100 on B cells. To evaluate the function of IDO associated with EBV infection, we investigated whether EBV-induced IDO could modulate expression of NK cell-activation receptor, NKG2D. When NK cells were co-incubated with EBV transformed B cells, surface expression of NKG2D was significantly reduced in NK cells. Incubation with L-kynurenine, an IDO metabolite, down-modulated NKG2D expression in NK cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Incubation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 also inhibited NKG2D expression in NK cells. In addition, we observed that the effect of L-kynurenine was blocked by JNK agonist, anisomycin, suggesting the involvement of the JNK pathway in the signal transduction of L-kynurenine-reduced NKG2D expression. Furthermore, IL-18 significantly reduced L-kynurenine-induced down-regulation of NKG2D expression in NK cells. Taken together, these data indicate that down-regulation of NKG2D by EBV-induced IDO metabolite provides a potential mechanism by which EBV escapes NKG2D-mediated attack by immune cells. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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