Journal
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 89, Issue 3, Pages 492-496Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.109
Keywords
electroporation; DNA vaccination; poly-functional; skin; T cells
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Funding
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
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Plasmid DNA vaccination using skin electroporation (EP) is a promising method able to elicit robust humoral and CD8(+) T-cell immune responses while limiting invasiveness of delivery. However, there is still only limited data available on the induction of CD4(+) T-cell immunity using this method. Here, we compare the ability of homologous prime/boost DNA vaccinations by skin EP and intramuscular (i.m.) injection to elicit immune responses by cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay, as well as study the complexity of CD4(+) T-cell responses to the human immunodeficiency virus antigen Gag, using multiparamater flow cytometry. We find that DNA vaccinations by skin EP and i.m. injection are capable of eliciting both single- and poly-functional vaccine-specific CD4(+) T cells. However, although DNA delivered by skin EP was administered at a five-fold lower dose it elicited significant increases in the magnitude of multiple-cytokine producers compared with i.m. immunization suggesting that the skin EP could provide greater poly-functional T-cell help, a feature associated with successful immune defense against infectious agents. Immunology and Cell Biology (2011) 89, 492-496; doi: 10.1038/icb.2010.109; published online 14 September 2010
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