Journal
IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages 368-377Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03497.x
Keywords
CD4/helper T cells (Th cells,Th0,Th1,Th2,Th3,TH17); T-cell receptor; T cells
Categories
Funding
- MRC
- Lady TATA foundation
- MRC [MC_UP_A253_1028] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A253_1028] Funding Source: researchfish
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Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate-like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and IL-9 as well as IL-4-producing and antigen-processing basophils have (re)-emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence alpha beta(+) CD4(+) Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T-cell receptor ligation, co-stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned.
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