Journal
IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 131, Issue 4, Pages 466-472Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03366.x
Keywords
adhesion molecules; antigen presentation; immune synapse; T-cell receptor; T cells
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Funding
- NIH [AI50823]
- [T32-AI078903]
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Immunological synapses (ISs) are formed at the T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interface during antigen recognition, and play a central role in T-cell activation and in the delivery of effector functions. ISs were originally described as a peripheral ring of adhesion molecules surrounding a central accumulation of T-cell receptor (TCR)-peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions. Although the structure of these 'classical' ISs has been the subject of intense study, non-classical ISs have also been observed under a variety of conditions. Multifocal ISs, characterized by adhesion molecules dispersed among numerous small accumulations of TCR-pMHC, and motile 'immunological kinapses' have both been described. In this review, we discuss the conditions under which non-classical ISs are formed. Specifically, we explore the profound effect that the phenotypes of both T cells and APCs have on IS structure. We also comment on the role that IS structure may play in T-cell function.
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