Journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 254, Issue -, Pages 225-244Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12075
Keywords
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs); unmutated ancestor (UA); B-cell lineages; immune tolerance
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Funding
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH
- NIH, NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology-Immunogen Design [UM1 AI100645]
- Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery grants
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The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune responses. In addition, conserved vulnerable regions on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are often poorly immunogenic and elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses (BNAbs) in a minority of HIV-1-infected individuals and only after several years of infection. All of the known BNAbs demonstrate high levels of somatic mutations and often display other unusual traits, such as a long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) and autoreactivity that can be limited by host tolerance controls. Nonetheless, the demonstration that HIV-1-infected individuals can make potent BNAbs is encouraging, and recent progress in isolating such antibodies and mapping their immune pathways of development is providing new strategies for vaccination.
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